Sunday, April 17, 2016

P50 - 51

TOPIC 1. GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION - TOURISM

A) HYPOTHESIS

ADMIRALTY SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIM PAPER  

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Another student suggested investigating the impact of Resorts World Sentosa on the tourists’ experiences using a bipolar survey. His hypothesis is: The built environment in Resorts World has a positive effect on tourists’ experience.
The survey is conducted at the various attractions using the systematic sampling between 1pm to 3pm on a weekday afternoon. Study Fig. 6, which shows the bipolar graph.

Bipolar Graph
Fig. 6

(i)











State whether the hypothesis has been proven or disproven. Support your stand using evidence in Fig. 6.

·         The hypothesis has been proven.
·         The bipolar graph has most of the responses at a positive numbers. [1]
·         For example, response for well-kept buildings has about 43 positive responses. [1]
·         For example, response for the litter around has about 42 positive responses. [1]




ANGLICIAN HIGH SCHOOL PRELIMS  

6
 (a)     What conclusion can the students make about the hypothesis?  Support your answer with data from     
           Table 2.                                                                                                                                               [4]
Number of visitors to Orchard Road and their length of stay
Origin of visitors
No. of visitors interviewed
Length of stay
No overnight stay
1 – 3 nights
4 – 7 nights
8 – 14 nights
United States of America
7
0
2
4
1
United Kingdom
6
0
1
3
2
Japan
10
0
4
5
1
Australia
5
0
1
4
0
India
9
0
3
6
0
Malaysia
8
3
5
0
0
Indonesia
5
1
4
0
0

Table 2

Reserve 1 mark for proving hypothesis:
·         The students can conclude that the hypothesis is true.
                        
                         3 marks for support with data:
·         Visitors from the place farthest away from Singapore stayed the longest (places more than 12 hours away from Singapore by flight).  A majority of the visitors from UK and US interviewed would stay for 4 nights or more (5 out of 7 for USA and 5 out of 6 for UK).
·         Visitors from the place of between 6 to 12 hours away from Singapore by flight stayed mostly between 1 to 7 days.
Visitors closest to Singapore such as Malaysia and Indonesia did not stay overnight or stayed only 1 to 3 days in Singapore


(b)     Suggest one reason why the data in Table 2 may not be valid in proving the hypothesis.                     [1]

Reserve 1 mark for the following:

·         The data in Table 2 may not be valid as an unequal number of visitors were interviewed from each country. 
·         OR
·         The students could have gone to other places other than Orchard Road to conduct their interviews.
B) DATA

BEDOK NORTH SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMS  

7         Describe a sampling method that students could use to select which visitors to interview. State the advantage and disadvantage of using this sampling method.                                                                    [3]                                                             

Accept any plausible sampling methods- systematic or random. [1]
Accept any plausible advantage and disadvantage. [2]
Random Sampling

·         Randomly select people to interview.
·         Firstly, a list of guests from various hotels should be collated. The hotels should comprise of various ratings and not only the 5 star hotels.
·         Names of 50 guests (candidate must give a sizable number of at least 10) are randomly selected either through a computer generated number or manual drawing of lots. The survey form is to be administered only to the guests selected through this process.
·         Data collection should commence and end at the same time to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data collected. Data collected from sampling points to be collated and represented with the use of a suitable mode such as a bar graph.

Advantages:
·         Can be used with large sample populations of visitors.
·         Can reduce biasness because the selection of visitors for interview is fair.

Disadvantages:
·         Can lead to poor representation of the total population if a large population is missed/left out.
·         There may be practical constraints in terms of time available and access to certain parts of the study area.

        Systematic Sampling

·         Has a systematic way of selecting people to interview. For instance, every 5th person will be selected to participate in the interview.
·         Firstly, multiple sampling points should be chosen to ensure that there is a good mix of tourists being surveyed.
·         The survey form is to be administered to every fifth tourist that moves past each sampling point.
·         Data collection should commence and end at the same time to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data collected. Data collected from sampling points to be collated and represented with the use of a suitable mode such as a bar graph.

Advantage:
·         An effective method to cover a large area of study.

Disadvantage:
·         Can be seen as more biased compared to random sampling in that not all members of a population have an equal chance of being picked. Thus, systematic sampling can result in over or under representation in a particular trend study.







D) GATHERING DATA AND ANALYSIS

BEATTY SEC PRELIMS  
9


Group C came up with Hypothsis : ‘Tourism has a negative impact on the environment in Chinatown.’
The group decided to use a bi-polar survey to investigate the hypothesis.
Design a bi-polar survey that the students can use how it can be used to investigate the Hypothesis.
[4]

(a)
·         Table with positive and negative aspects
·         Scoring system/ Scale included – at least a 5 point scale (ie: -2 to +2)
·         At least 2 relevant criteria to be tested (litter, noise, pedestrain count, tourist adverts and signs, well – kept buildings)
·         To be done at all four sites
·         Added and averaged for all four sites
·         Positive score suggests minimal environmental impacts and negative scores suggests large environmental impacts




C) EXERCISE REASONING
NGEE ANN SECONDARY PRELIMS  





Explain the limitations of using a desire line map.




·   They lack precise interpretation of data.
·   Lines may overlap and hinder the accuracy of reading the map.
·   Does not show changes in average length of stay over time.
·   Arrows become congested.
[2]

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