409 Geography: February 2016

Wednesday, February 24, 2016

Global warming and enhanced greenhouse effect

Objective
1) What is greenhouse effect?
2) What is enhanced greenhouse effect?
3) What is global warming?

Video
- Global warming
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJAbATJCugs&hl=en-GB&gl=SG

PEEL
- Page 5
- Do you agree that educational certificates are the most important thing after graduation.

Introduction
- I agree with this to a large extent. This essay will discuss about two positive benefits of education certificates such as securing a job, and also progression at work.

Point 1 - A basic certificate allows me to secure a job.
Elaborate 1 - O and N level certificates are the basic requirements in most job criteria, in both public and private sector.
Example 1- A Geography teacher needs to have a degree such as from the National University of Singapore majoring in Arts and Social Sciences.
Limitation 1- However, certain employers may look at other aspects such as CCA and testimonial of the applicant.

Point 2 - Higher educational qualifications will have a faster progression at work.
Elaborate 2 - Workers that are more educated usually climb up the corporate ladder faster and are promoted quicker.
Example 2- According to Hudson salary guide in 2015, the start off pay for graduates with honours are usually higher than those that only graduated with a merit.
Limitation 2- Workers are also judged on their working attitude by their employees to determine if they should be promoted.

Conclusion - Educational certificates are very important for employment purpose and job prospects. However there are also many crucial aspects such as their CCA contribution and also personal attitude that determines how far they can progress.

Monday, February 22, 2016

Greenhouse effect

Lesson objective
- How has the climate been changing?
- Climate change is caused by natural and human reasons.
- Natural factors

Sun spots: http://www.space.com/27834-monster-sunspot-solar-flares-video.html
Volanic eruption : https://weather.com/tv/shows/amhq/video/how-volcanic-eruptions-affect-weather

Edmodo : b3sfri
- What are greenhouse gases?
- Explain the differences between the greenhouse and ENHANCED greenhouse effect.

Resource pack page 64 Fig 7

With reference to Fig. 7, describe the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global warming and their changes over the years. [4]

Global warming increases with increase in carbon dioxide/Global temperature has a direct relationship with carbon dioxide.
During pre-industrial level, carbon dioxide increased gradually by 260ppm with only 1 degree celsius increase in atmospheric temperature.
During industrial period, carbon dioxide accounting for anthropogenic warming has increased by 280ppm. Carbon dioxide accounting for natural warming has remained constant.
Carbon dioxide given out during industrialisation has resulted in increase of temperature of 6.6 degree celsius.

Thursday, February 11, 2016

Types of Climate

Objective
- Describe and explain the distribution
- Characteristic of the climate in terms of temperature, precipitation and humidity
- Singapore's weather and climate

3 types of climate
- Equatorial climate,
- monsoon climate (wet and dry)
- Cool temperate climate

(Lecture notes page 24)

Homework
P63 and 64 : Q12 Bedok North

12 Identify and describe the main features of the climate shown in Fig 8. [4]

Study the climatic data for a weather station in an Asian City shown below.

Station 2m above sea level, Latitude 13^oN
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Temp	26	28	29	30	29	29	28	28	28	26	25	26
Rainfall	8	20	36	58	198	160	160	175	305	206	66	5

Fig 8

· Tropical Monsoon Climate

· High mean annual temperature of 27.7^oC.

· Have distinct wet and dry seasons.

· From November to January, it is the cool and dry season which temperature is lower and little rain.

· From February to April, it is the hot and dry season which temperature is slightly higher than the cool and dry season and there is little rain.

· From May to September, it the hot and wet season which the temperature and rainfall is high due to the southwest monsoon.

(a)	Study Figs. 3 and 4, which show the climographs of Peru and India.

	(i)	With reference to Figs. 3 and 4, compare the characteristics of the climate of Peru and India. [4]
		Rainfall · Peru’s rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year while India’s rainfall is seasonal/unevenly distributed. · India experiences high seasonal rainfall from June to September and low seasonal rainfall from October to May. · Peru’s annual rainfall is about 2885mm while India’s annual rainfall is about 3345mm. Temperature · Both Peru and India experience high temperature of around 27°C throughout the year. · India has a larger annual temperature range of about 4°C while Peru has a small annual temperature range of 1°C.

	(ii)	Account for the distribution of rainfall in India. [4]
		· From June to September, India is experiencing southwest monsoon that travels over the Indian Ocean. · It bring moisture/rain to India; resulting in high rainfall. · From October to April, India is experiencing northeast monsoon wind that travels across the continental land. · The monsoon wind was able to receive moisture hence India did not receive much rain during this period of time.

Wednesday, February 10, 2016

Test 2 Answers - temperature and rainfall

MARK SCHEME

Study Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which shows the locations and the average monthly temperatures of two cities in Canada, Saskatoon and Vancouver respectively.

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Saskatoon	-20	-14	-7	4	12	16	19	17	11	5	-6	-15
Vancouver	3	5	8	10	13	16	20	18	16	11	7	4

*Temperatures in Degrees Celsius (°C)

Fig. 2

(a)

Using data from Fig. 2, calculate the annual temperature range for both cities.

[2]

· Saskatoon has an annual temperature range of 39°C.

· Vancouver has an annual temperature range of 17°C.

Perfect answers: Tommy, Ting Ting, Darren, Jit Lin

(b)

Using Fig. 1, account for the difference in the annual temperature range for both cities.

[5]

· Vancouver has a lower annual temperature range as compared to Saskatoon as it is located near the coast and experiences the maritime effect.

· During summer, the land heats up faster than sea and cooler air over the sea will lower temperature of land.

· During winter, the sea loses heat slower than the land and the warmer air over the sea will raise temperature of land.

· As a result the temperature in Vancouver during summers are cool while its winters are mild.

· Saskatoon has a continental effect and has a hotter summer and colder winter.
' Good try: Sophiann, Jia Wen, Junjie, Damien, Darren

Account: Means to explain the reason why (some of you calculated the difference)

With the aid of a diagram, explain the formation of relief rain.

[6]

· 1mk for diagram

· Warm, moist air is forced to rise over landforms such as mountain range. Moist air travels over the sea and reaches the coast.

· The air rises up the windward side of the mountain and is forced to cool.

· When temperature of the air reaches dew point, condensation occurs and clouds form.

· When droplets become large and heavy, they fall as rain on the windward side of the mountain.

· The other side called the leeward side is usually dry as it does not receive rain.

Explain how high altitude can cause a lowering in temperature

[2]

· At high altitude, the air is less dense.

· Less dense air has less ability to trap heat and temperature is lower.

Perfect answer: keefe, sophiann, Jit Lin

Marking amendments: Accept answers about solar radiation/ ground is heated nearer to earth's surface