TOPIC 1. GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION - TOURISM
A) HYPOTHESIS
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ADMIRALTY
SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIM PAPER
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5
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Another student suggested investigating the impact of Resorts World
Sentosa on the tourists’ experiences using a bipolar survey. His hypothesis
is: The built environment in Resorts World has a positive effect on tourists’
experience.
The survey is conducted at the various attractions using the
systematic sampling between 1pm to 3pm on a weekday afternoon. Study Fig. 6,
which shows the bipolar graph.
Bipolar Graph
Fig. 6
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(i)
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State whether the
hypothesis has been proven or disproven. Support your stand using evidence in
Fig. 6.
·
The hypothesis has been
proven.
·
The bipolar graph has
most of the responses at a positive numbers. [1]
·
For example, response for
well-kept buildings has about 43 positive responses. [1]
·
For example, response for
the litter around has about 42 positive responses. [1]
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ANGLICIAN HIGH
SCHOOL PRELIMS
6
(a) What
conclusion can the students make about the hypothesis? Support your answer with data from
Table 2. [4]
Number of visitors to Orchard Road and their length of stay
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Origin of visitors
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No. of visitors interviewed
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Length of stay
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No overnight stay
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1 – 3 nights
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4 – 7 nights
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8 – 14 nights
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United
States of America
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7
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0
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2
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4
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1
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United
Kingdom
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6
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0
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1
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3
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2
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Japan
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10
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0
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4
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5
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1
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Australia
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5
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0
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1
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4
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0
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India
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9
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0
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3
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6
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0
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Malaysia
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8
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3
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5
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0
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0
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Indonesia
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5
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1
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4
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0
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0
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Table 2
Reserve 1 mark for proving
hypothesis:
·
The students can conclude that
the hypothesis is true.
3
marks for support with data:
·
Visitors from the place farthest
away from Singapore stayed the longest (places more than 12 hours away from
Singapore by flight). A majority of the
visitors from UK and US interviewed would stay for 4 nights or more (5 out of 7
for USA and 5 out of 6 for UK).
·
Visitors from the place of
between 6 to 12 hours away from Singapore by flight stayed mostly between 1 to
7 days.
Visitors closest to Singapore
such as Malaysia and Indonesia did not stay overnight or stayed only 1 to 3
days in Singapore
(b) Suggest one reason why the data in Table 2 may not be
valid in proving the hypothesis.
[1]
Reserve 1 mark for the following:
·
The data in Table 2 may not be
valid as an unequal number of visitors were interviewed from each country.
·
OR
·
The students could have gone to
other places other than Orchard Road to conduct their interviews.
B) DATA
BEDOK NORTH
SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMS
7
Describe a sampling method that students could
use to select which visitors to interview. State the advantage and disadvantage
of using this sampling method. [3]
Accept
any plausible sampling methods- systematic or random. [1]
Accept
any plausible advantage and disadvantage. [2]
Random Sampling
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Randomly select people to
interview.
·
Firstly, a list of guests from various hotels should
be collated. The hotels should comprise of various ratings and not only the 5
star hotels.
·
Names of 50 guests (candidate must give a sizable number of at least 10) are randomly
selected either through a computer generated number or manual drawing of lots.
The survey form is to be administered only to the guests selected through this
process.
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Data collection should commence and end at the
same time to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data collected. Data
collected from sampling points to be collated and represented with the use of a
suitable mode such as a bar graph.
Advantages:
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Can be used with large sample populations of visitors.
·
Can reduce biasness because the selection of visitors
for interview is fair.
Disadvantages:
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Can lead to poor representation of the
total population if a large population is missed/left out.
·
There may be practical constraints in
terms of time available and access to certain parts of the study area.
Systematic
Sampling
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Has a systematic way
of selecting people to interview. For instance, every 5th person
will be selected to participate in the interview.
·
Firstly, multiple sampling points should be
chosen to ensure that there is a good mix of tourists being surveyed.
·
The survey form is to be administered to every
fifth tourist that moves past each sampling point.
·
Data collection should commence and end at the
same time to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data collected. Data
collected from sampling points to be collated and represented with the use of a
suitable mode such as a bar graph.
Advantage:
·
An effective method to cover a large
area of study.
Disadvantage:
·
Can be seen as more biased compared to
random sampling in that not all members of a population have an equal chance of
being picked. Thus, systematic sampling can result in over or under
representation in a particular trend study.
D) GATHERING
DATA AND ANALYSIS
BEATTY SEC
PRELIMS
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9
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Group C came up
with Hypothsis : ‘Tourism has a negative impact on the
environment in Chinatown.’
The group decided
to use a bi-polar survey to investigate the hypothesis.
Design a bi-polar
survey that the students can use how it can be used to investigate the
Hypothesis.
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[4]
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(a)
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Table with positive and negative aspects
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Scoring system/ Scale included – at least a 5
point scale (ie: -2 to +2)
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At least 2 relevant criteria to be tested
(litter, noise, pedestrain count, tourist adverts and signs, well – kept
buildings)
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To be done at all four sites
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Added and averaged for all four sites
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Positive score suggests minimal environmental
impacts and negative scores suggests large environmental impacts
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C) EXERCISE
REASONING
NGEE ANN
SECONDARY PRELIMS
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Explain the limitations of using a desire
line map.
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They lack precise
interpretation of data.
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Lines may overlap and hinder
the accuracy of reading the map.
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Does not show changes in
average length of stay over time.
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Arrows become congested.
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[2]
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